Woodstock CT Café

From John

As a member of the 15% (according to the poll) who believe that God played no part in the origin and evolution of life (a member of the 97% if I am a scientist), I have thought a lot about the difference between believers and non-believers. In my childhood I was well aware that my best friend, Paul, went to Sunday School where his mother taught. I have very fond memories of Paul’s mother who was very supportive of me while Paul and I did sports and everything else together except for going to Sunday School. In high school many of Paul’s and my close friends were from practicing Jewish families and the subject of our faiths never came up between us except when practicing their religion interfered with our plans for the day.

This is a picture of me and Paul at Norwalk High School graduation rehersal in June 1961 with close friends, Alan Green now Chairman of the psychiatric department of a noted university, Gary Goldstein a dentist associated with Harvard, Bob Swan a violinist at the Chicago Symphony, Ed Steinlauf a dentist in Branford (deceased), and Pete Blank a  business executive. We all got together in Branford in July before 9/11.  Paul’s career was at Dupont as a chemical engineer, now a retired VP. Paul and wife Pam became devoted Christians, helped build the local church, and on their last trip to the Galapagos Islands proclaimed the Galapagos as God’s creation in their last Christmas letter. It came across to me as sort of a swipe at Darwin’s noted visit in 1835 which resulted in powerful observations about natural selection by other naturalists who examined Darwin’s plant, bird and other animal specimens.

In my childhood days I was not exposed to church except on two occassions, one when my parents and I were invited to attend a Sunday Mass in Darien and a second time when I asked my father to take me to the local church in Rowayton on Sunday. Read the rest of this entry »

From LibDem

Here are the results of a Harris Poll taken in 2009:
Believed in Darwin’s theory of evolution:
51% of Catholics,
32% of Protestants,
80% of Jews, and
16% of born-again Christians.

Believed in creationism:
37% of Catholics,
56% of Protestants,
20% of Jews, and
68% of born-again Christians.

Overall, the results were basically unchanged from 2007, when 42% of respondents believed in evolution and 39% of respondents believed in creationism. The poll was conducted on-line on November 2 and 11, 2009, among 2303 adults in the United States; figures were weighted to reflect the composition of the adult population.

http://ncse.com/news/2009/12/evolution-new-harris-poll-005232

From the NCSE

Gallup Poll in May, 2012: A new Gallup poll on public opinion about evolution suggests that the rate of acceptance of evolution in the United States is “essentially unchanged” over the years. Asked in May 2012 “[w]hich of the following statements comes closest to your views on the origin and development of human beings,”

• 32% of the respondents accepted “Human beings have developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life, but God guided this process,”
• 15% accepted “Human beings have developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life, but God had no part in this process,” and
• 46% accepted “God created human beings pretty much in their present form at one time within the last 10,000 years or so.”

Pew Poll in 2009:

•  ”Nearly all scientists (97%) say humans and other living things have evolved over time,” while only 61% of the public agrees, according to a new report (PDF, p. 37) from the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press.

Asked which comes closer to their view, “Humans and other living things have evolved over time” or “Humans and other living things have existed in their present form since the beginning of time,”

• 97% of scientists responding chose the former option, as opposed to only 2% choosing the latter option;
• 61% of the public responding chose the former option, as opposed to 31% choosing the latter option.

Those who chose the former option were also asked whether they preferred “Humans and other living things have evolved due to natural processes such as natural selection” or “A supreme being guided the evolution of living things for the purpose of creating humans and other life in the form it exists today.”

• Among scientists, 87% preferred the former option and 8% preferred the latter option;
• among the public, 32% preferred the former option and 22% preferred the latter option.

A poll of Protestant pastors in the United States found that they “overwhelmingly believe that God did not use evolution to create humans and think Adam and Eve were literal people,” according to a press release (January 9, 2012) issued by LifeWay Research. Presented with “I believe God used evolution to create people,”

• 12% of respondents strongly agreed,
• 12% somewhat agreed,
• 8% somewhat disagreed, and
• 64% strongly disagreed;
• 4% were unsure.

Chemical Evidence for the Timeframe of Evolution 

Carbon occurs in three varieties: 12C, 13C, and 14C. Normal carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, and is called 12C. However, carbon may have one or two extra neutrons, creating 13C or 14C. Atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons, are called different isotopes of the same element.

When organisms ingest carbon, they preferentially use 12C over 13C. (14C is radioactive, and thus won’t remain over a long time period.) Carbon with a high ratio of 12C compared to 13C is therefore an indicator of living processes. Carbon enriched in 12C has been identified in rocks from Greenland dated at 3.85 billions of years ago (Ga or Gyr). This is the earliest evidence for life on Earth.

The Fossil Record

Stromatolites are structures created by photosynthetic bacteria (prokaryotes; e.g. cyanobacteria mentioned in “Darwin was Right”). These rounded, bulbous shapes are usually less than 1 meter across and contain fine layering.

Photosynthetic bacteria live on thin mats in shallow water. As they become covered in clay and particles, these bacteria move upwards toward the light they require. This movement leaves behind dead layers, much in the same way that trees leave behind inner wood as they grow. Stromatolites are recognizable because of the “tree ring” structure that records the movement of bacteria.

The earliest known fossils of stromatolites are dated at 3.45 Ga, and come from Western Australia. Ironically, the highly-saline bays of Western Australia are one of the few places in the world today where living stromatolites exist.

Timeline: Read the rest of this entry »

From Diane

Sorry to be late to the party.

Having read Comments 1-21 (under Happiness…), this is what I see:

Newcomer consistently espouses cooperation, conciliation and respect for opposing points of view.

The rest of you do not, other than one throw away line, JTO’s “I understand what you are saying”.

In y’all y’all’s rush to be so free of religious influence in our schools, have you stopped to consider that YOUR position is a religion too? A religion that answers to no god? A religion is a belief system and not believing in a god is a belief system, duh… So do you have the right to “impose religious [sic] your views on OTHERS’ children in the venue of the public schools”? Apparently you think YOU do. But theists do not, right? Nevermind that 83% of Americans are affiliated with a religion that acknowledges a supreme being* or that 92% of Americans believe in the existence of a God or universal spirit, including 21% of athiests and 55% of agnostics.** YOU guys think your belief system, the one belonging to the 8%, should prevail. Sounds even more arrogant than the Repugs stalling legislation with “filed filibusters”. At least they are 41% of the Senate.

And before you cite the First Amendment, remember all it does is forbid making a “law respecting an establishment of religion”. No ban on using religious materials to teach fundamental moral codes or comparing the moral equivalency found in a multitude of diverse religions, no prohibition on people, including children, expressing their religious convictions or faith in school, no ban on creches in towns that are overwhelming Christian, though if they DO ban the display on public property of the symbols of other religions, then they HAVE made a “law respecting and establishment of religion”. The First Amendment is an INCLUSIVE statement, not an EXCLUDING statement. All religions are welcome, equally, not no religions are welcome. Read the rest of this entry »

The Supreme Court Opinion

Roberts Part of Majority Affirming Mandate.

Genesis 1
1: In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
2: And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
3: And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.
4: And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.
5: And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.
6: And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.
7: And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.
8: And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day.
9: And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.
10: And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.
11: And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so.
12: And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good.
13: And the evening and the morning were the third day.
14: And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years:
15: And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so.
16: And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.
17: And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth,
18: And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good.
19: And the evening and the morning were the fourth day.
20: And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.
21: And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good.
22: And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth.
23: And the evening and the morning were the fifth day.
24: And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so.
25: And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good.
26: And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
27: So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
28: And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.
29: And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat.
30: And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so.
31: And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day.

Genesis 2
1: Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them.
2: And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. Read the rest of this entry »

From John

At the Vanilla Bean this afternoon I read that in 1837 Charles Darwin scribbled in his notes that “life originated only once.” This was a remarkable thought-provoking idea during that time of civil unrest much about the economic issues discussed today here at the Cafe  – the economic breach between the common folk and the wealthy gentry.

No, Darwin wasn’t thinking about a divine event that happened 5 or 6000 years before. He was only six months back from his five year voyage on the Beagle around the world, still a rare feat back then. I haven’t read enough to learn how he concluded that “life originated only once” but he is clearly right. If ‘life’ evolved from non-life more than once after a long time span between the two events, we probably would not recognize it and this second lifeform would not likely survive long enough to be detected. 

This is some of the thinking I had to deal with when trying to write a three page essay for a client’s application to the EPA that had to do with the danger of creating unwanted new life forms as the result of escaped recombinant DNA. 

This original event pondered by Darwin was an improbable stochastic event which once begun would likely out compete and erase any unlikely later origin-of-life events. How do we know that this happened only once? In 1964, the genetic code was systematically cracked in Marshall Nirenberg’s lab at NIH. This was the genetic code for the E. coli bacterium. It did not take even a decade to determine that humans and all other life forms had the same genetic code. This is consistent with “life originating only once” … some 3 billion years ago. Read the rest of this entry »

From JTO

I do remember a spate of articles about measures of happiness in various countries with, as I remember, northern European countries scoring high.

I thought this was pretty interesting as these countries share market economic systems, democratic government systems, and strong social welfare systems. I thought this result was pretty interesting, because happiness is, as you say, what the objective should be and is even stated so, along with life and liberty, in our own Declaration of Independence, which contains no reference to pursuit of aristocratic wealth. Economists will always gravitate toward things they can
measure, however, and Stiglitz, as a Nobel prize winner, and Ivy League professor, is a pretty influential thinker, author and speaker.

This discussion makes me want to go back and understand better the founders’ understanding of Rousseau’s views on human happiness and its relationship to development of democratic political systems in England, France and the U.S. rRelated, I recently read a short biography of Washington written by Joseph Ellis, an eminent scholar of the founders and prof at Mt. Holyoke College, that suggested that theses guys were really the landed gentry and early aristocratic class, with motivations – and the wherewithal – to break free of the English colonial economic and legal systems for the less noble purpose of creating their own aristocratic class independent of England. If you think about the fight over taxes then, and the current Tea Party connections to the current 1%, this becomes a pretty intriguing perspective..

Bivens via Libdem: “Sixty percent of the current shortfall (in Social Security) would be eliminated by a reversal of two adverse economic trends that have emerged since 1983: sluggish growth in average (real) wages and erosion of the tax base due to rapid growth in the inequality of earnings.”

From JTO

Glenn of Brisbane is correct (and Libdem) with his admonition that we have become trapped in a set of ideas that make up classical economics, propagated by academic theoreticians and used by the 1%, through their influence over the political system, to gain more and more control over the economy and the labor force.

There are two documentaries worth watching. One is “Inside Job” narrated by Matt Damon about the recent financial crisis. It goes through most of what you know, but then delves into the role of academic economists who popularize these ideas at the nations prominent business schools, and do consulting work for the financial industry, where their students go to work, then move in and out
of the government At high levels to influence policy, then back to industry and academia.

Another is “the Forewarning” about the collapse of the $1.25 trillion hedge fund Long Term Capital Management in 1998. LTCM had as advisers two economists from Stanford and Harvard who had shared a Nobel prize for their work in options pricing; I.e., derivatives. LTCM had a risk model based on this theoretical work that it claimed would defeat risk in its investment portfolio. Well, like the engineer of the Titanic, they just didn’t figure on the collapse of the Russian economy after the Yeltsin revolt and when it went down, Greenspan as Fed Chair called Clinton and rushed a huge bailout through Congress to stabilize the financial system – banks, insurance companies, investment banks- they were all going down and the credit markets virtually froze as this problem got worked out. This documentary ends with a short interview with one of the economists in his home in San Francisco, where he displays his Nobel prize on his bookshelf. Read the rest of this entry »

From Glenn in Brisbane

These charts only make sense in ideologically loaded “economic” or “economist” terms in which less money in, more money out = efficiency. This is an absurd capitalist way of thinking that treats human beings as a means to an end; as worker units; as less then slaves. Efficiency is, in the real material world without the superimposition of idiotic, self-serving capitalist ideology, greater material output for effort; effort being time and personal energy. This applies to service workers also; who invariably sell a material circumstance eg. a cleaned room instead of a messy one. I encourage people to start thinking outside of the box capitalist media and other circumstances have put you in.

See “Wage Growth Goes Flat…”

From JTO

Glenn you are right but bear with me while I walk through a few points.

First, using your example, I assume you would agree that a maintenance worker cleaning rooms could improve their productivity by (I) working more or more intensively; or (II) using say a vacuum cleaner rather than a broom. Both methods are taken into account in the productivity measure shown in the chart, that is people working harder and introduction of technology.

Second, I remember walking out of a labor economics class way back being nonplussed by the lecturer’s ongoing reference to “units of labor input” represented by the “x” axis on the supply/demand graph with “capital” represented by the “y” axis. In this analysis, every time a worker tried to get a raise, the chart, as if possessing magical powers, substituted units of “capital” for units of “labor” just disemployed him and put a machine at his work station instead of giving him his raise. So if the worker bees attempted to get themselves a raise, either through union organization, or governmental intervention such as minimum wage or child labor laws, or work safety regulations, the business owner would simply shift the means of production from workers to machinery to maximize efficiency, or productivity. Under this theory, workers cannot win by asserting any control over their wages or work conditions. So,, according to this theory, all the efforts of all the union organization and labor safety regulations over 100 years have been for nought, and have only served to create a privileged caste of union workers that have created chronic unemployment and underemployment for non unionized workers. According to classical economic theory, wage rates could only rise through productivity increases in the overall economy; I.e., a rising tide lifts all boats (or trickle down economics as some prefer. Read the rest of this entry »

In 2001 Ernie Wetzel, First Selectman along with Selectmen, Melissa Weinand and Roger Gale, funded the Firehouses in the annual budget for the first time as a line item. I believe that this was a good decision for the Town’s use of Taxpayers’ money. We have a fire department and EMT system to be proud of. The EMTs also respond to health emergencies like my mother’s hemorrhagic stroke 12 days before she passed away. JL

From Rich Dempsey

Thanks for the warning DBrownie, but I’ve already had a few run-ins with a few of them. I do however think open facts will bring some people around. The others, well, you know…

The three departments combined handled 543 calls in 2011, or nearly 1.5 calls per day. Not all the calls we respond to are shown below, just the easily classified one.

Note, these calls do not reflect Woodstock EMS ambulance runs but calls for the station to respond. Muddy Brook and Bungay do not have ambulances stationed in quarters, so they respond with a non-transport rescue vehicle to begin treatment and stabilization. There are times when WVFA sends only the ambulance because it is staffed.
Here are the 2011 State of CT fire reports, by departments.

I’ve also included the link to each departments report.

WVFA

http://www.dir.ct.gov/dps/cfirs/pdfs/Summary%20by%20Incident%20Type%20WOODSTOCK%20VOLUNTEER%20FIRE%20ASSN.%20for%2001-2011%20to%2012-2011.pdf

Muddy Brook

http://www.dir.ct.gov/dps/cfirs/pdfs/Summary%20by%20Incident%20Type%20MUDDY%20BROOK%20FIRE%20DEPT.%20for%2001-2011%20to%2012-2011.pdf

Bungay

http://www.dir.ct.gov/dps/cfirs/pdfs/Summary%20by%20Incident%20Type%20BUNGAY%20FIRE%20BRIGADE%20for%2001-2011%20to%2012-2011.pdf

Rich Dempsey EMT
Captain EMS-Rescue
Bungay Fire Brigade
West Woodstock, CT 06281
www.bungay.com

All Woodstock fire fighting pictures will be published at the Cafe. Admin

From Rich Dempsey (aka ‘A Fireman’)

I know I can speak for all the other volunteers when I say thank you for the supportive comments made here. It’s not often we get “both sides of the isle” to agree.

I will get the run information for all three departments and will post it shortly.

Let me just explain how fighting fires in Woodstock works in the simplest of terms.

1. Water. No hydrants. Our Engine Tankers (ET’s) are attack trucks that also bring water with them. the first arriving truck becomes the attack truck and the hoses are pulled from that truck to begin the fight. ET’s have around 1,000 gallons of water. The second ET arriving will hook up to the attack truck and pump i’ts water into the first.

Nothing is more frustrating and dangerous than running out of water with a crew inside a burning structure.

Another truck, usually an Engine, will find a source of water, usually a lake, stream or undergound vault, and pump from there either into an empty ET that will shuttle back and forth or into the attack truck using 5 inch hose.

2. Manpower All volunteer. We all have lives doing other things. Many work out of town so we never know who or how many will show up at a call.

3. Exposures. There was a previous question about why Woodstock needs a ladder truck. Woodstock has a lot of significant structures.

4. Schools. WES, WMS, Woodstock Academy and the Hyde School. (Both of the latter being residential schools)
The Woodstock Fair.
Rogers Foam
Crabtree & Evelyn
The Inn at Woodstock Hill
Roseland Cottage
Several Bed and Breakfasts
Several large dairy farms.

The “toy” comments are silly and childish. Anyone interested in learning more about what we have for equipment can go to the following websites;

Bungay.com
wvfa76.org.
muddybrookfire.com

In the meantime, I’ll see what I can pull together on numbers. I may not get them all but I’ll get you more than you have now.

This photo was provided by DB

From DB

The boot drives we have done have been for the heating fund for Woodstock
residents.

As to the thermal cams, yes we have them and, yes, they work awesome. They really came into heavy availability after that terrible fire in Worcester when they lost all those fireman.

I have seen these cams used in room searches for victims, also seen them used at night car crashes looking into the woods for additional victims who might have crawled or wandered off. Where they really shine is for house fires. You can “look into” walls for hotspots. That saves us (and the home owner) from tearing away all the drywall or plaster from the area or ceiling.

Next time you see a truck on display ask to check one out they are really a valuable tool we have.

From Con

Thanks (to Loadstar) for pointing that out with such humble civility, for keeping the issue discreet to the one comment where it belongs and most especially for keeping the discussion civil and not indulging yourself in any tendency to personalize matters (though to correct you on one small point – I don’t wonder why you lose your patience; not at all.

You see, I don’t think about you much at all except when addressing you or reading your posts – wherever did you get such a whacky notion that I ‘wonder why you lose your patience with me’? Why would you ‘bet’ that I see absolutely nothing wrong whatsoever with my own behavior’? I ask seriously and I’d be very interested in your serious answer, if you can spare the time, please.

Totally unrelated, but I Note your use of: ‘absolutely’ and ‘whatsoever’ in same sentence – it reminds me of these fascinating studies regarding the over-use of Superlatives and related trends and usages when certain types express themselves – most especially when they feel a compelling need and desire to be believed AND to be Right. We all know the type can probably think of someone who is a sort of “Cognitive Conservative” – absolutely must be Right, cannot stand to be wrong and when making their case they rely on the only tool in their possession they believe can actually ‘Force The Outcome’, which is Language (the actual Facts & Circumstances simply being what they are).

So The University of Wisconsin Psychology Dept. (I believe) conducted a series of these Studies of the over-use of and heavy reliance on Superlatives; the heavy reliance on Hyperbole; the tactic of repetitive, excalating statements (which, of course, end up using so many Superlatives and so much Hyperbole the penultimate and last statement are often so over-the-top that you can almost imagine the writer struggling to keep them from simply sounding hilarious or satirical rather than their series attempt TO BE BELIEVED! and taken seriously).

I wish I had an internet link – these studies and results are so very interesting and really should be made know to anyone who: tends to constantly over-use Superlatives, rely heavily on platitudes and cliche’s, use Hyperbole to an extreme extent and repeat the same assertion over and over as though each progressive statement reinforced the previous right up to the point where the writer seems to have thus convinced himself/herself, at least, that the statement is actually A Fact, rather than the mere assertion of Opinion that it is. Read the rest of this entry »

From Rich Dempsey (aka Fireman)

It’s not the Woodstock I live in (responding to Jonathan), but maybe it’s because I live in the valley.

Let’s talk facts.

The school budget is $15,757,205.00 (that’s over fifteen and a half million dollars) after a $54,000.00 increase this year. The rest of the towns’ budget pales in comparison.

I can speak with some education regarding your “drunk ,redneck” bully fire department. The total fire budget for 2013 is $442,550.00. That’s 31 times smaller than the school dept. budget. Nobody on today’s fire department begrudges funding education; we understand and agree the kids are the future. They are our kids too. Don’t put us at odds with the school department. They learnt us good

The largest chunk of the Fire department budget is the much aligned “apparatus fund”. The $129,000.00/yr fund is split between three departments, or $43,000.00 per station. Some of that money goes to pay off existing loans and some may go into a fund that allows for down payments of newer vehicles.

Note I said newer not new. While it may be best in some cases to purchase new fire apparatus, depending on the task the vehicle will be providing, the station officers will many times find a “like new” truck. I can speak from experience that the last two trucks that Bungay bought were used vehicles. We were able to pay “cash” for each from the fund and avoided financing, thus saving the town money. Each station relies heavily on that fund and will often put off a seriously needed purchase because the fund is too low.

Fire apparatus, just so you know, isn’t cheap. Expect to pay $300,000.00 for a new truck, properly equipped.

I don’t know what has happened in the past but there is no playing footsie with those funds now. Screwing with that fund will kill people, mainly us, plain and simple. If the folks that volunteer their time didn’t have reliable equipment at the ready to save your life and property you’d be one of the first to complain.

There have been several serious structure fires recently in this very town where property was saved due to the right equipment, with the right crew. Additionally, Woodstock EMS and the fire department volunteers are responding to medical calls daily.

I know nearly every member of all the fire departments in this town. I regard every one of them as a hero. I’ve seen the sacrifice, hard work and dedication they put into keeping themselves and the equipment up to date and ready for the next run. Did I mention this is all unpaid?

Their families also share in that sacrifice, while mom or dad or sis or brother are either at a drill, going to school or a meeting or out on a call, they wait and hope they come back.

Did I just describe the ignorant, drunk, angry rednecks in your post? These people?
You clearly don’t get out much.

Our Microbiome – the Trillions of Bacteria that Live on Us. The number of bacteria living on us out number our own human cells. Also see “Microbes ‘R’ Us” in the NYTimes three years ago.

The Deterioration of Greece after 5 Years of Recession.